Most college and university students in the UK are often asked by teachers to complete a biology assignment on specialised cells. The specialized cell types and functions in both plants and humans are a topic that is often overlooked by students. But it is one of the basic yet most important topics for students studying biology or any related field.
We understand that writing a well-researched assignment on specialised cells is a challenge for most students. To help you out, our best assignment writers have written this article. we’ve compiled this article
In this blog, we’ll cover the different types of specialised cells, as well as their functions in both plants and humans. We’ll also discuss the importance of these cells, and how they can help us learn more about ourselves and our world. So without any further ado, let’s start learning!
What Is A Specialised Cell?
A cell is defined as a self-contained microscopic particle that can reproduce itself and grow larger or smaller depending on its needs and environment (i.e., food). A single human cell contains about 100 000 molecules called proteins, RNA molecules (the genetic material), DNA molecules (the master blueprint) and lipids (fatty acids). These components work together like gears in a watch—each helps the others function properly so that eventually your body will look and function how it should!
But what are specialised cells?
Specialised cells are those that have a specific function in the body. A muscle cell, for example, is specialised because it’s responsible for making up the muscle tissue of your body. A specialized cell may also be called a tissue-specific cell or organelle.
Specialised cells are the building blocks of life, and they are found throughout our bodies. They perform many jobs, including making new cells and moving things around in the body. Specialised cells are different from stem cells: stem cells can become any type of cell (e.g., blood), whereas specialised cells can only become their own type.
One of the most important features of all living organisms is their ability to adapt to different environments. This is possible because of cell specialization. For example, plants have cells that are specialised for water absorption, and animals have cells that are specialised for digestion. In this article, we will explore the specialised cell types and functions in both plants and humans, and see how they work together to perform life functions.
Specialised Cell In Plants And Their Functions
Plants have specialized cells too! But what are they, and how do they work? The answer to this question is fascinating—and it’s also the key to understanding how plants grow.
When plants are developing, they produce stem cells that can differentiate into other cells to form tissues. In this process, stem cells must differentiate into specialized cells because they are responsible for carrying out specific functions in the plant.
Specialised cells are found in all parts of a plant and perform different functions. They perform functions that aid in growth/survival/development or contribute to the plant’s ability to sense its environment (i.e., respond to light, and water levels). There are 3 major types of Specialised cells in plants:
There are three different types of specialised cells in plants: roots cells,
- Root Cells
The root is the foundation of a plant’s structure. It anchors the plant in its environment and provides nutrients for new growth. Root cells are responsible for anchoring branches of roots together, which helps them survive harsh conditions like drought or high winds.
The root hairs are very small and are covered with a thick layer of corky material called cork cambium. The cork cambium produces secondary xylem meristems, which produce new root hairs when they send out lateral branches. The main function of root cells is to conduct water and nutrients from the soil to the rest of the plant. They also help plants grow taller by sending new growth towards the top of the plant.
- Xylem Cells
Xylem cells are found in the xylem, or vascular system, of plants. They are made up of tracheids (woody cells) and transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant through xylem tissue—the tissue that conducts water from roots to stems and leaves.
Xylem vessels are made up of a series of connected dead xylem cells. The walls between these dead cells have been broken down so that water can pass through them easily.
- Phloem Cells
Phloem cells transport sugars and other carbohydrates produced in leaves by photosynthesis to other parts of the plant, including flowers and fruits. They also transport some amino acids and other organic compounds produced by photosynthesis to other parts of the plant.
Phloem is made up of sieve tubes that extend into adjacent tissues called companion cells by means of microfilaments (microfibrils). These microfilaments are made up of a protein called elastin that allows sieve tubes to stretch when they pass through companion cells. These microfilaments also allow these sieve tubes to attach to neighbouring sieve tubes during the formation of vascular bundles which carry materials between tissues.
- Palisade Cells
Palisade cells are specialized cells in leaves that help maintain tissue structure and guard against parasites. To explain further, palisade cells provide support for leaves during photosynthesis and protect them from pathogens during rest periods (when no photosynthesis is occurring). They are also responsible for storing nutrients such as carbohydrates and lipids.
Specialised Cell In Human Body
Cells are the fundamental units of life. They perform specific functions that enable organisms to grow and reproduce, regulate their environment, defend against pathogens and other threats, communicate with each other and their surroundings, and respond to changes in their environments.
In this article, we explore the six specialised cell types found in humans. These include erythrocytes (red cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), neurons (nerve cells), reproductive cells, muscle cells and platelets.
- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
Red blood cells (or erythrocytes) are the most common type of blood cell in vertebrates, including humans. They take up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to all body tissues.
RBCs are biconcave discs, which means they have a half-disc shape. They contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein that binds oxygen and is responsible for transporting it through the bloodstream.
- White Blood Cells ( Leukocytes)
White blood cells are the cells that fight infections and other diseases. They are also known as leukocytes, which means “white” in Greek. There are many different types of white blood cells, each with a different function.
White blood cells are produced by the bone marrow and then released into your body’s bloodstream after they have matured (in about three weeks). These white blood cells find and destroy bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease, thereby fighting off the infection.
- Reproductive Cells
Reproductive cells are those that help to make new body cells. They are the building blocks of the human body. Reproductive cells come from the sperm and ovum. These are then combined in the fallopian tube to form a fertilized egg. This fertilized egg eventually becomes an embryo, which develops into a fetus and then a new human being.
- Platelets
Platelets are small cells that form blood clots. They’re essential for our blood to clot, which aids in the healing process. They also help to prevent bleeding and regulate coagulation (the process of forming a clot).
Platelets are produced in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream when a wound is caused by an external source like an injury or infection.
- Nerve Cells
Nerve cells (or neurons) are specialised cells that carry messages to and from the brain. Cells use dendrites and axons to send information into the cell and receive information from other cells. These cells also contain chemicals that allow them to communicate with one another, which helps make the body’s processes possible.
There are two main types of nerve cells: sensory neurons and motor neurons.
- Sensory neurons are located in sensory organs such as your skin, eyes, ears and nose. They send information about touch, pressure and pain to your brain so you can tell what is going on around you.
- Motor neurons are located in your muscles and send messages from your brain to make them move.
- Muscle Cells
Muscle cells (aka muscle fibers or myocytes) are the cells that make up muscles. They have a long, cylindrical shape and have a single nucleus in the middle of the cell.
Muscle cells contain many tiny tubes called mitochondria (a type of organelle). These produce energy by breaking down food molecules into simple sugars and fats through oxidation reactions like glucose into carbon dioxide and water molecules. Then oxygen combines with these substances to form chemical energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Muscles use this energy directly during contraction or store it in the form of glycogen for later use.
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